A Comparative Study on Open Source ASIC Tools

A Comparative Study on Open Source ASIC Tools Abstract: Most analog and digital electronic circuit designs can be realized at different levels from the transistor to architecture level. As the complexity of Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI) design process leads to the usage of Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools for design and optimization. Manual design of integrated circuits up to layout is much more complicated and time consuming process, also lack of efficiency in the fabricated chip. So that Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools are widely used in ASIC design. CAD tools provide the common path to simplify the IC design process. But the commercial tools are very much expensive and not able to use as an individual. For that purpose open source EDA tools are used for study of an IC design. In this research, it mainly concentrates on available open source and freeware EDA tools with its usage on IC design and development process are presented and evaluated. This research also gives a fundamental idea on how the open source EDA tools have helped the researchers and students to learn and fabricate their own Integrated circuits. Introduction: Electronics systems are take part a crucial role in every human life. Electronic systems ranging from Integrated Circuits (ICs) to PCB (Printed Circuit Boards) are developed and produced by CAD tools. CAD tools are the collection of rules, algorithms, different methodologies and tools which automate the design, testing and verification of electronic devices. There are many commercial CAD tools are available, which are the industry standard and they are very expensive to bought such licenses. For academic and small scale industries usage of those tools are limited due to the cost. So the alternatives are Free and Open-Source Software EDA tools are the only effective way for students and teachers to learn and implement their ideas by modifying the source code. There are lot of open source and freeware tools are available for analog and digital circuit design. But the problems behind those softwares are integration of multiple tools for a complete design; installation procedure, operating systems, etc. are the various factors. From the above said considerations the tools such as Qflow and Magic from open circuit design tools, Electric from static free software, alliance, LASI, toped, microwind are considered for this research. Open Circuit Design Tools: Alliance: Alliance is a VLSI tool having numerous of tools integrated together with portable libraries. It contains VHDL compiler and simulator, synthesis, auto place and route tools. For digital design a complete set of portable CMOS libraries are provided [1]. Alliance is developed and maintained by ASIM department of LIP6 laboratory at Pierre Marie Curie University, France. Alliance is free and open source software initially developed for teaching VLSI design. Its binaries, source code and cells libraries are distributed under the GNU General Public License. Alliance tool has been used in many research projects. One is Superscalar 128-bit Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) microprocessor [2] was designed by alliance CAD system and IEEE Gigabit HSL Router. The main features of Alliance includes, it supports the standard VLSI description formats like SPICE, EDIF, VHDL, CIF and GDSII. It has built in design and simulation tools. It is easy to learn and use, also convenient to get the resources online. It includes logical synthesis tool which supports VHDL synthesis. The Alliance design flow includes design, synthesis and simulation along with optimization by using different kind of tools. The Alliance tools are independent, interact with each other and has more than 150 documented standard cells and six custom optimized generators [3], also it does not require a high performance workstation like Cadence; however, it is designed for UNIX based platform. Electric: Electric VLSI Design System is a high performance open source EDA tool that provides complete aids in designing the IC layout. It is a sophisticated system which can handle a range of fabrication CMOS technologies. It has many generic analysis and synthesis tools which automates the design process. It integrates the schematic editor, circuit simulator, schematic driven layout generator, layout editor, layout verification and parasitic extraction. The major advantage to Electric VLSI Design System is that, it allows swapping between the designs data with other standard EDA tools in the industry. It supports most popular formats such as EDIF, VHDL, GDS, LEF/DEF, etc. Initially, the Electric VLSI design system was written in C language in 1982 by Steven Rubin [4] at the Fairchild A.I. Laboratory in Palo Alto, California. Later it was ported to Java acquired by Oracle. Irrespective of all other CAD tools Electric had a combination of graphics, connectivity, and accurate geometry for IC design. The Electric design system has a huge database which is built on network structure, primarily to implement connectivity. The network has nodes and arcs [6], which are components in the circuit and connecting wires respectively. These network nodes and arcs have their own geometric data, for a correct representation of the circuit. Electric has an expansive database and can store a large number of structures, design rules are incorporated. The Electric VLSI system provides many features such as: Integrity Schematic, Layout and the supporting packages are integrated in one file. No node extraction Electric provides geometry connectivity information. So there is no need to extract nodes separately Geometry errors simpler design process powerful editing with LVS check

Explain dietary requirements

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Law And The Institutions Of The European Communities

In this book which was entitled, Law and the Institutions of the European Communities, written by D. Lasok and J. W. Bridge, examined the background and development of law, principles, and inter-relations within the European Communities. World War I and II having caused drastic economic devastation in Europe, these communities concluded that it would be more expedient, efficient, and productive to come up with a system of working with and not against each other. This books primary purpose is to explain the many different laws and programs created to better the European Communities ability to work together in a post-war era. It argues that not only were these institutions beneficial, but necessary to prevent the demise of every European†¦show more content†¦Factoring in Nationalism, each nation also wanted to claim lands that were highly populated with individuals who had ancestral ties to these nations. While unification has always been a dream of the European empires, many of the procedures carried out by political and military leaders were to force specific ideals and practices that were not necessarily accepted by each individual nation. Two key political movements in the pre-war time period were â€Å". . . (The) ideologies, Communism and Nazism. . . † (Lasok and Bridge 3). That being said conquest and the effects of conquest led to many confrontations between these individual nations. One of the key players of this time period was Adolf Hitler ultimately unleashed World War II (3). Eventually with many battles, World War I and II caused drastic economic devastation in Europe. Lasok and Bridge put it best when they say â€Å"Europe was reduced to smoldering heaps of rubble, physically and politically. These communities concluded that it would be more expedient, efficient, and productive to come up with a system of working with and not against each other. Now that Europe has finally concluded that War was not an effective way to deal with one another they had to come to up with better alternatives to deal with inter-state conflict. In fact most of this book examines the many laws and procedures carried out to prevent another World War. What this reader assumed most interesting about this book was the fact that even

Personal Narrative- Infliction of Wrath Essay - 613 Words

Swirling fog and dynamic light surround my silhouette, a warped halo of ominous colors accentuating the restrained passion of my abrupt, powerful gestures. A demonic cackle resonates from my parted, sneering lips, a sense of power emanating from my very pores. I summon my strength for my greatest achievement, my moment of glory, the heroes of humanity having fallen before my wrath, as pleas for reconsideration bombard my deaf ears. The stroke of a button - water vapor and carbon are the last remnants of the blue and green orb that for so long careened around a furnace of burning hydrogen. So shall be my final moments as a supervillain, an evil and ominous figure against which hordes of mortals shall struggle and fall. My domination and†¦show more content†¦My minions and colleagues demand the same respect from me that I do from them. My evil arsenal thus far consists of the lost fundamentals of human existence: morality, compassion, and an appreciation of the beauty of existence. I have convinced the mortals who surround me that I share the human anatomy, mindset, and desire for peace; despite the occasional slips of evil into conversation, nobody would doubt that my hearts very desire is that all humans live in peace and harmony. The fools! I have no heart! My generation was the last before the era of safety and self-esteem, and the effects are etched where there should have been a soul. We were not protected as todays children are, but instead were given free rein in our interaction. We played a horrifyingly dangerous, pagan game called tag wherein one child, the it, was ostracized from his peers, who would all run in fear. This it (the game allowed the child no identity) would chase after his peers over dangerous safety equipment - metal bars, swing sets, slides and ladders, from which any child might fall - in a painful search for the nurturing physical touch of a classmates skin. We grew as monsters, a lust for power